China to be at forefront of increased generation of clean energy, and battery-storage capacity will grow, report says
Wind and solar energy will account for about 50 percent of the total power produced in the world by 2050, aided largely by lower production costs, with China leading the revolution, a new report said.
According to the report from Bloomberg New Energy Finance, or BNEF, China will be at the forefront of the increased generation of clean energy, while power storage will benefit from the rapid advances in battery technologies. By 2050, China will take pole position in the wind and solar energy market share, as well as the storage batteries market, the report said.
By 2050, China's total installed capacity in wind power (onshore and offshore) will reach 1,003 gigawatts, and solar power (utility-scale, distributed and photothermal) will reach 1,137 GW, accounting for 30 percent and 21 percent of the market share, respectively. Its total installed capacity of storage batteries, including small-and large-scale ones, is expected to surpass 154 GW, which will be 14 percent of the global total.
"Setting up new wind and solar power plants will be less expensive than building new coal plants due to the lower production costs in China. By 2028, new wind and solar power plant costs will be less than those for existing coal plants," says Yvonne Liu, an energy analyst with BNEF.
BNEF forecasts that by 2025, China will no longer build new coal plants, due to the cost factor.
Furthermore, the report says that between 2020 and 2050, coal-fired power generation will see a sharp decline, from 62 percent to merely 16 percent, while wind power generation will increase from 6 percent to 31 percent, and solar power generation will rise from 4 percent to 15 percent. Other renewables, such as hydro and nuclear power, are expected to see substantial growth.
According to the nation's renewable energy guidelines for the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20), issued by the National Energy Administration, the country will invest 2.3 trillion yuan ($337 billion; 290 billion euros; ￡260 billion) in energy development from nonfossil sources. By 2020, nonfossil sources will account for 15 percent of the total energy consumption, and will rise to 20 percent by 2030.
During the first quarter of 2018, China's newly added renewable energy installed capacity increased 15.35 million kilowatts to 666 million kW, with wind and solar power taking up 25.2 percent and 21 percent, respectively. The installed capacity generated by renewable energy accounted for 36.9 percent of the total power generation, up by 0.3 percent from the end of 2017.
Traditional coal plants have already felt the pressure of the energy transition. In 2014, China's coal-rich Shanxi province issued guidelines urging coal plants in Shanxi to eliminate coal-fired generators of over 300,000 kW capacity to cater to the ultra-low-emission standards set for 2017.
Shanxi Xingneng Power Co Ltd, a traditional coal company in the region, completed the transformation in 2015.
"The investment in the first phase was 165 million yuan, while 135 million yuan was spent on the second phase. Our operating costs rose due to the higher standards," says Wang Zhiqiang, vice-president of the company.
However, he notes that the energy transition project has paid off. The company's heating reform, another energy transition project, cost roughly 500 million yuan, and the final profit was as high as 600 million yuan. "Power generation costs declined sharply," he says.
Wang says coal enterprises must acknowledge the benefits of renewable energy. "However, thermal power generation is fundamental for China, as it ensures energy security. Its characteristic of stability is irreplaceable at present."
Li Li, energy research director at ICIS China, a consulting company that offers analysis of China's energy market, says that given the advantages of wind and solar power, such as cost efficiency and low pollution, energy transportation security should also be considered.
